Moving toward sustainable manufacture of photovoltaics, Dr. Manuela Schiek’s research group in Oldenburg, Germany, has discovered how the latest technology in confocal laser scanning microscopy is enhancing both accuracy and efficiency of their research into organic semiconductors and transparent electrodes.

Harvesting energy directly from the sun in order to generate electricity, solar cells appear to represent the epitome of green energy. But have you ever stopped to consider the manufacturing process?

Take the case of crystalline silicon for example, a main component of conventional solar cells. First, transforming silica ore into its valuable crystallised form requires temperatures above 2,000C. Not only is this an incredibly energy-hungry process, but obtaining ultra-pure silicon also involves several hazardous chemicals and a potent greenhouse gas. Other main offenders in the modern manufacture of many inorganic thin-film solar cells include components comprising the toxic elements selenium and cadmium.

Indium is also a vital ingredient, forming indium tin oxide (ITO), but reserves of this finite resource are estimated to become unviable in the near future, which poses another set of potential challenges.…

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